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Allard,J.P., Aghdassi,E., Chau,J., Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis,M., Salit,I. and Walmsley,S. (1996) Increased oxidative stress in humans infected with HIV. Int Conf. AIDS, 11, 312.

Cayota,A., Vuillier,F., Gonzalez,G. and Dighiero,G. (1996) In vitro antioxidant treatment recovers proliferative responses of anergic CD4+ lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Blood., 87, 4746-4753.

Constans,J., Delmas-Beauvieux,M.C., Sergeant,C., Peuchant,E., Pellegrin,J.L., Pellegrin,I., Clerc,M., Fleury,H., Simonoff,M., Leng,B. and Conri,C. (1996) One-year antioxidant supplementation with beta-carotene or selenium for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a pilot study. Clin. Infect. Dis., 23, 654-656.

Demarchi,F., d'Adda di Fagagna,F., Falaschi,A. and Giacca,M. (1996) Activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB by the Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol., 70, 4427-4437.

Mastroiacovo,P., Ajassa,C., Berardelli,G., Bruni,R., Catania,N., Fidanza,A., Pace,V. and Zanzoglous,S. (1996) Antioxidant vitamins and immunodeficiency. Int J Vitam. Nutr. Res, 66, 141-145.

Offermann,M.K., Lin,J.C., Mar,E.C., Shaw,R., Yang,J. and Medford,R.M. (1996) Antioxidant-sensitive regulation of inflammatory-response genes in Kaposi's sarcoma cells. J Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol., 13, 1-11.

Repetto,M., Reides,C., Gomez Carretero,M.L., Costa,M., Griemberg,G. and Llesuy,S. (1996) Oxidative stress in blood of HIV infected patients. Clin. Chim. Acta, 255, 107-117.

Schwarz,K.B. (1996) Oxidative stress during viral infection: a review. Free. Radic. Biol Med, 21, 641-649.

Sen,C.K. and Packer,L. (1996) Antioxidant and redox regulation of gene transcription. FASEB J, 10, 709-720.

Ueland,P.M., Mansoor,M.A., Guttormsen,A.B., Muller,F., Aukrust,P., Refsum,H. and Svardal,A.M. (1996) Reduced, oxidized and protein-bound forms of homocysteine and other aminothiols in plasma comprise the redox thiol status--a possible element of the extracellular antioxidant defense system. J Nutr., 126, 1281S-1284S.

Constans,J., Peuchant,E., Pellegrin,J.L., Sergeant,C., Hamon,C., Dubourg,L., Thomas,M.J., Simonoff,M., Pellegrin,I., Brossard,G. and et al, (1995) Fatty acids and plasma antioxidants in HIV-positive patients: correlation with nutritional and immunological status. Clin. Biochem., 28, 421-426.

Grimble,R.F. (1994) Nutritional antioxidants and the modulation of inflammation: theory and practice. New Horiz., 2, 175-185.

Raju,P.A., Herzenberg,L.A. and Roederer,M. (1994) Glutathione precursor and antioxidant activities of N-acetylcysteine and oxothiazolidine carboxylate compared in in vitro studies of HIV replication. AIDS Res Hum. Retroviruses., 10, 961-967.

Staal,F.J., Roederer,M., Raju,P.A., Anderson,M.T., Ela,S.W. and Herzenberg,L.A. (1993) Antioxidants inhibit stimulation of HIV transcription. AIDS Res Hum. Retroviruses., 9, 299-306.

Mayne,S.T. (1997) Antioxidant nutrients and cancer incidence and mortality: an epidemiologic perspective. Adv Pharmacol., 38, 657-675.

Bairati,I., Brochet,F., Roy,J., Gelinas,M., Nabid,A., Tetu,B., Masse,B. and Meyer,F. (1996) Prevention of second primary cancer with vitamin supplementation in patients treated for head and neck cancers. Bull Cancer Radiother., 83, 12-16.

Dreher,D. and Junod,A.F. (1996) Role of oxygen free radicals in cancer development. Eur. J Cancer, 32A, 30-38. Gaziano,J.M. and Hennekens,C.H. (1996) Update on dietary antioxidants and cancer. Pathol. Biol (Paris)., 44, 42-45.

Gerber,M., Astre,C., Segala,C., Saintot,M., Scali,J., Simony-Lafontaine,J., Grenier,J. and Pujol,H. (1996) Oxidant-antioxidant status alterations in cancer patients: relationship to tumor progression. J Nutr., 126, 1201S-1207S.

Hollman,P.C., Hertog,M.G. and Katan,M.B. (1996) Role of dietary flavonoids in protection against cancer and coronary heart disease. Biochem. Soc Trans., 24, 785-789.

Loft,S. and Poulsen,H.E. (1996) Cancer risk and oxidative DNA damage in man. J Mol. Med, 74, 297-312.

Wiseman,H. and Halliwell,B. (1996) Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer. Biochem. J, 313, 17-29.

Ambrosone,C.B., Marshall,J.R., Vena,J.E., Laughlin,R., Graham,S., Nemoto,T. and Freudenheim,J.L. (1995) Interaction of family history of breast cancer and dietary antioxidants with breast cancer risk (New York, United States). Cancer Causes. Control., 6, 407-415.

Bongers,V., de Jong,J., Steen,I., de Vries,N., Bast,A., Snow,G.B. and Braakhuis,B.J. (1995) Antioxidant-related parameters in patients treated for cancer chemoprevention with N-acetylcysteine. Eur. J Cancer, 31A, 921-923.

Gey,K.F. (1995) Cardiovascular disease and vitamins. Concurrent correction of 'suboptimal' plasma antioxidant levels may, as important part of 'optimal' nutrition, help to prevent early stages of cardiovascular disease and cancer, respectively. Bibl. Nutr. Dieta., 75-91.

Machlin,L.J. (1995) Critical assessment of the epidemiological data concerning the impact of antioxidant nutrients on cancer and cardiovascular disease. Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr., 35, 41-50.

Roche,E. and Romero-Alvira,D. (1995) Role of oxidative stress in gene expression: myocardial and cerebral ischemia, cancer and other diseases. Med Clin. (Barc)., 104, 468-476.

Romney,S.L., Palan,P.R., Basu,J. and Mikhail,M. (1995) Nutrient antioxidants in the pathogenesis and prevention of cervical dysplasias and cancer. J Cell Biochem. Suppl., 23, 96-103.

Slaga,T.J. (1995) Inhibition of the induction of cancer by antioxidants. Adv Exp Med Biol, 369, 167-174. Toyokuni,S., Okamoto,K., Yodoi,J. and Hiai,H. (1995) Persistent oxidative stress in cancer. FEBS Lett., 358, 1-3.

Tozawa,K., Sakurada,S., Kohri,K. and Okamoto,T. (1995) Effects of anti-nuclear factor kappa B reagents in blocking adhesion of human cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells. Cancer Res, 55, 4162-4167.

van Zandwijk,N. (1995) N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH): antioxidant and chemopreventive properties, with special reference to lung cancer. J Cell Biochem. Suppl., 22, 24-32.

O'Brien,P.J. (1994) Antioxidants and cancer: molecular mechanisms. Adv Exp Med Biol, 366, 215-239.

Punnonen,K., Ahotupa,M., Asaishi,K., Hyoty,M., Kudo,R. and Punnonen,R. (1994) Antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress in human breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin. Oncol., 120, 374-377.

Block,G. (1992) The data support a role for antioxidants in reducing cancer risk. Nutr. Rev., 50, 207-213.

Cutler,R.G. (1992) Genetic stability and oxidative stress: common mechanisms in aging and cancer. EXS., 62, 31-46.

Eichholzer,M., Stahelin,H.B. and Gey,K.F. (1992) Inverse correlation between essential antioxidants in plasma and subsequent risk to develop cancer, ischemic heart disease and stroke respectively: 12-year follow-up of the Prospective Basel Study. EXS., 62, 398-410.

Calabrese,V., Raffaele,R., Cosentino,E. and Rizza,V. (1994) Changes in cerebrospinal fluid levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione reductase activity in multiple sclerosis. Int J Clin. Pharmacol. Res, 14, 119-123.

Mayer,M. (1994) Nitric oxide and mechanisms of vascular and tissue damage. New hope for research and therapy of multiple sclerosis. Nervenarzt., 65, 819-827.

LeVine,S.M. (1992) The role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Med Hypotheses., 39, 271-274.

Mai,J., Sorensen,P.S. and Hansen,J.C. (1990) High dose antioxidant supplementation to MS patients. Effects on glutathione peroxidase, clinical safety, and absorption of selenium. Biol Trace. Elem. Res, 24, 109-117.

Jensen,G.E. and Clausen,J. (1986) Glutathione peroxidase activity, associated enzymes and substrates in blood cells from patients with multiple sclerosis--effects of antioxidant supplementation. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh)., 59 Suppl 7, 450-453.

Hunter,M.I., Nlemadim,B.C. and Davidson,D.L. (1985) Lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant proteins in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients. Neurochem. Res, 10, 1645-1652.

Hansen,G.V., Nielsen,L., Kluger,E., Thysen,M., Emmertsen,H., Stengaard-Pedersen,K., Hansen,E.L., Unger,B. and Andersen,P.W. (1996) Nutritional status of Danish rheumatoid arthritis patients and effects of a diet adjusted in energy intake, fish-meal, and antioxidants. Scand. J Rheumatol., 25, 325-330.

Lisitsyna,T.A., Ivanova,M.M. and Durnev,A.D. (1996) Active forms of oxygen and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Vestn. Ross. Akad. Med Nauk., 15-20.

Moulton,P.J. (1996) Inflammatory joint disease: the role of cytokines, cyclooxygenases and reactive oxygen species. Br. J Biomed. Sci., 53, 317-324.

Mapp,P.I., Grootveld,M.C. and Blake,D.R. (1995) Hypoxia, oxidative stress and rheumatoid arthritis. Br. Med Bull, 51, 419-436.

Heliovaara,M., Knekt,P., Aho,K., Aaran,R.K., Alfthan,G. and Aromaa,A. (1994) Serum antioxidants and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 53, 51-53.

Fairburn,K., Stevens,C.R., Winyard,P.G., Kus,M., Ward,R.J., Cunningham,J., Zaidi,M. and Blake,D.R. (1993) Oxidative stress and its control: a pathogenetic role in inflammatory joint disease. Biochem. Soc Trans., 21, 371-375.

Honkanen,V.E. (1991) The factors affecting plasma glutathione peroxidase and selenium in rheumatoid arthritis: a multiple linear regression analysis. Scand. J Rheumatol., 20, 385-391.

Soutar,A., Seaton,A. and Brown,K. (1997) Bronchial reactivity and dietary antioxidants. Thorax, 52, 166-170.

Kadrabova,J., Mad'aric,A., Kovacikova,Z., Podivinsky,F., Ginter,E. and Gazdik,F. (1996) Selenium status is decreased in patients with intrinsic asthma. Biol Trace. Elem. Res, 52, 241-248.

Peat,J.K. (1996) Prevention of asthma. Eur. Respir. J, 9, 1545-1555. Rahman,I., Morrison,D., Donaldson,K. and MacNee,W. (1996) Systemic oxidative stress in asthma, COPD, and smokers. Am. J Respir. Crit. Care. Med, 154, 1055-1060.

Greene,L.S. (1995) Asthma and oxidant stress: nutritional, environmental, and genetic risk factors. J Am. Coll. Nutr., 14, 317-324.

Hatch,G.E. (1995) Asthma, inhaled oxidants, and dietary antioxidants. Am. J Clin. Nutr., 61, 625S-630S.

Sanders,S.P., Zweier,J.L., Harrison,S.J., Trush,M.A., Rembish,S.J. and Liu,M.C. (1995) Spontaneous oxygen radical production at sites of antigen challenge in allergic subjects. Am. J Respir. Crit. Care. Med, 151, 1725-1733.

Jarjour,N.N. and Calhoun,W.J. (1994) Enhanced production of oxygen radicals in asthma. J Lab. Clin. Med, 123, 131-136.

Raynaud,F., Evain-Brion,D., Gerbaud,P., Marciano,D., Gorin,I., Liapi,C. and Anderson,W.B. (1997) Oxidative modulation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in human fibroblasts: possible role in psoriasis. Free. Radic. Biol Med, 22, 623-632.

Muller,K., Huang,H.S. and Wiegrebe,W. (1996) Antipsoriatic anthrones with modulated redox properties. 3. 10-thio- substituted 1,8-dihydroxy-9(10H)-anthracenones as inhibitors of keratinocyte growth, 5-lipoxygenase, and the formation of 12(S)-HETE in mouse epidermis. J Med Chem., 39, 3132-3138.

Popov,I. and Lewin,G. (1991) A deficient function of the antioxidative system of the organism as an aetiopathogenetic factor in psoriasis. Med Hypotheses., 35, 229-236.

De Simone,C., De Sole,P., Di Mario,G., Venier,A., Cerimele,D. and Serri,F. (1989) Reactive oxygen species production in circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes in psoriasis. Acta Derm. Venereol. Suppl. (Stockh)., 146, 50-52.

Heller,B., Burkart,V., Lampeter,E. and Kolb,H. (1997) Antioxidant therapy for the prevention of type I diabetes. Adv Pharmacol., 38, 629-638.

Akkus,I., Kalak,S., Vural,H., Caglayan,O., Menekse,E., Can,G. and Durmus,B. (1996) Leukocyte lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and serum and leukocyte vitamin C levels of patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Clin. Chim. Acta, 244, 221-227.

Catella-Lawson,F. and FitzGerald,G.A. (1996) Oxidative stress and platelet activation in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. Res Clin. Pract., 30 Suppl, 13-18.

Dandona,P., Thusu,K., Cook,S., Snyder,B., Makowski,J., Armstrong,D. and Nicotera,T. (1996) Oxidative damage to DNA in diabetes mellitus. Lancet, 347, 444-445.

O'Brien,S.F., Watts,G.F., Powrie,J.K., Shaw,K.M. and Miller,N.J. (1996) Lipids, lipoproteins, antioxidants and glomerular and tubular dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. Res Clin. Pract., 32, 81-90.

Skrha,J., Hodinar,A., Kvasnicka,J. and Hilgertova,J. (1996) Relationship of oxidative stress and fibrinolysis in diabetes mellitus. Diabet. Med, 13, 800-805.

Vijayalingam,S., Parthiban,A., Shanmugasundaram,K.R. and Mohan,V. (1996) Abnormal antioxidant status in impaired glucose tolerance and non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabet. Med, 13, 715-719.

Belch,J.J., Mackay,I.R., Hill,A., Jennings,P. and McCollum,P. (1995) Oxidative stress is present in atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease and further increased by diabetes mellitus. Int Angiol., 14, 385-388.

Das,U.N. (1995) Oxy radicals, anti-oxidants and diabetes mellitus [letter]. J Assoc. Physicians. India., 43, 445-446.

Yoshida,K., Hirokawa,J., Tagami,S., Kawakami,Y., Urata,Y. and Kondo,T. (1995) Weakened cellular scavenging activity against oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus: regulation of glutathione synthesis and efflux. Diabetologia., 38, 201-210.

Asayama,K., Uchida,N., Nakane,T., Hayashibe,H., Dobashi,K., Amemiya,S., Kato,K. and Nakazawa,S. (1993) Antioxidants in the serum of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Free. Radic. Biol Med, 15, 597-602.

Ceriello,A., Quatraro,A. and Giugliano,D. (1993) Diabetes mellitus and hypertension: the possible role of hyperglycaemia through oxidative stress. Diabetologia., 36, 265-266.

L-Carnitine Supplementation
in Cancer and AIDS Wasting:

Cifone, M.G., Alesse, E., Di Marzio, L., Ruggeri, B., Zazzeroni, F., Moretti, S., Famularo, G., Steinberg, S.M., Vullo, E., and De Simone, C. (1997). Effect of L-carnitine treatment in vivo on apoptosis and ceramide generation in peripheral blood lymphocytes from AIDS patients. Proc Assoc. Am. Physicians. 109, 146-153.

Di Marzio, L., Alesse, E., Roncaioli, P., Muzi, P., Moretti, S., Marcellini, S., Amicosante, G., De Simone, C., and Cifone, M.G. (1997). Influence of L-carnitine on CD95 cross-lining-induced apoptosis and ceramide generation in human cell lines: correlation with its effects on purified acidic and neutral sphingomyelinases in vitro. Proc Assoc. Am. Physicians. 109, 154-163.

Famularo, G., De Simone, C., Tzantzoglou, S., and Trinchieri, V. (1994). Apoptosis, anti-apoptotic compounds and TNF-alpha release [letter; comment]. Immunol. Today. 15, 495-496.

Butori, C., Desnuelle, C., Hofman, P., Paquis, V., Durant, J., Carles, M., Pesce, A., and Michiels, J.F. (1995). [Muscular involvement in the course of AIDS. Anatomo-clinical study of 17 cases]. Ann. Pathol. 15, 424-430.

Dalakas, M.C., Leon-Monzon, M.E., Bernardini, I., Gahl, W.A., and Jay, C.A. (1994). Zidovudine-induced mitochondrial myopathy is associated with muscle carnitine deficiency and lipid storage [see comments]. Ann. Neurol. 35, 482-487.

Semino-Mora, M.C., Leon-Monzon, M.E., and Dalakas, M.C. (1994). Effect of L-carnitine on the zidovudine-induced destruction of human myotubes. Part I: L-carnitine prevents the myotoxicity of AZT in vitro. Lab. Invest. 71, 102-112.

Semino-Mora, M.C., Leon-Monzon, M.E., and Dalakas, M.C. (1994). The effect of L-carnitine on the AZT-induced destruction of human myotubes. Part II: Treatment with L-carnitine improves the AZT-induced changes and prevents further destruction. Lab. Invest. 71, 773-781.

Chariot, P. and Gherardi, R. (1995). Myopathy and HIV infection. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 7, 497-502.

Winter, B.K., Fiskum, G., and Gallo, L.L. (1995). Effects of L-carnitine on serum triglyceride and cytokine levels in rat models of cachexia and septic shock. Br. J Cancer 72, 1173-1179.

De Simone, C., Famularo, G., Tzantzoglou, S., Trinchieri, V., Moretti, S., and Sorice, F. (1994). Carnitine depletion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AIDS: effect of oral L-carnitine. AIDS 8, 655-660.

Gross, M.D., Bishop, T.D., Belcher, J.D., and Jacobs, D.R.,Jr. (1997). Induction of HL-60 cell differentiation by carotenoids. Nutr. Cancer 27, 169-173.

Jarvinen, R., Knekt, P., Seppanen, R., and Teppo, L. (1997). Diet and breast cancer risk in a cohort of Finnish women. Cancer Lett. 114, 251-253.

Nomura, A.M., Ziegler, R.G., Stemmermann, G.N., Chyou, P.H., and Craft, N.E. (1997). Serum micronutrients and upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 6, 407-412.

Nomura, A.M., Stemmermann, G.N., Lee, J., and Craft, N.E. (1997). Serum micronutrients and prostate cancer in Japanese Americans in Hawaii. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 6, 487-491.

Rock, C.L., Flatt, S.W., Wright, F.A., Faerber, S., Newman, V., Kealey, S., and Pierce, J.P. (1997). Responsiveness of carotenoids to a high vegetable diet intervention designed to prevent breast cancer recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 6, 617-623.

Spitz, M.R., McPherson, R.S., Jiang, H., Hsu, T.C., Trizna, Z., Lee, J.J., Lippman, S.M., Khuri, F.R., Steffen-Batey, L., Chamberlain, R.M., Schantz, S.P., and Hong, W.K. (1997). Correlates of mutagen sensitivity in patients with upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 6, 687-692.

Zhang, S., Tang, G., Russell, R.M., Mayzel, K.A., Stampfer, M.J., Willett, W.C., and Hunter, D.J. (1997). Measurement of retinoids and carotenoids in breast adipose tissue and a comparison of concentrations in breast cancer cases and control subjects. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 66, 626-632.

Zhang, Z.F., Kurtz, R.C., Yu, G.P., Sun, M., Gargon, N., Karpeh, M.,Jr., Fein, J.S., and Harlap, S. (1997). Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia: the role of diet. Nutr. Cancer 27, 298-309.

Caperle, M., Maiani, G., Azzini, E., Conti, E.M., Raguzzini, A., Ramazzotti, V., and Crespi, M. (1996). Dietary profiles and anti-oxidants in a rural population of central Italy with a low frequency of cancer. Eur. J Cancer Prev. 5, 197-206.

Chew, B.P., Wong, M.W., and Wong, T.S. (1996). Effects of lutein from marigold extract on immunity and growth of mammary tumors in mice. Anticancer. Res 16, 3689-3694.

Clinton, S.K., Emenhiser, C., Schwartz, S.J., Bostwick, D.G., Williams, A.W., Moore, B.J., and Erdman, J.W.,Jr. (1996). cis-trans lycopene isomers, carotenoids, and retinol in the human prostate. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 5, 823-833.

Enger, S.M., Longnecker, M.P., Chen, M.J., Harper, J.M., Lee, E.R., Frankl, H.D., and Haile, R.W. (1996). Dietary intake of specific carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E, and prevalence of colorectal adenomas. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 5, 147-153.

Freudenheim, J.L., Marshall, J.R., Vena, J.E., Laughlin, R., Brasure, J.R., Swanson, M.K., Nemoto, T., and Graham, S. (1996). Premenopausal breast cancer risk and intake of vegetables, fruits, and related nutrients. J Natl. Cancer Inst 88, 340-348.

Kelloff, G.J., Boone, C.W., Crowell, J.A., Steele, V.E., Lubet, R.A., Doody, L.A., Malone, W.F., Hawk, E.T., and Sigman, C.C. (1996). New agents for cancer chemoprevention. J Cell Biochem. Suppl. 26, 1-28.

Narisawa, T., Fukaura, Y., Hasebe, M., Ito, M., Aizawa, R., Murakoshi, M., Uemura, S., Khachik, F., and Nishino, H. (1996). Inhibitory effects of natural carotenoids, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene and lutein, on colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in rats. Cancer Lett. 107, 137-142.

Olmedilla, B., Granado, F., Blanco, I., and Rojas-Hidalgo, E. (1996). Evaluation of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and carotenoids in serum of men with cancer of the larynx before and after commercial enteral formula feeding. JPEN. J Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. 20, 145-149.

Rock, C.L., Saxe, G.A., Ruffin, M.T., August, D.A., and Schottenfeld, D. (1996). Carotenoids, vitamin A, and estrogen receptor status in breast cancer. Nutr. Cancer 25, 281-296.

Steinmetz, K.A. and Potter, J.D. (1996). Vegetables, fruit, and cancer prevention: a review. J Am. Diet. Assoc. 96, 1027-1039.

Yang, Y., Huang, C.Y., Peng, S.S., and Li, J. (1996). Carotenoid analysis of several dark-green leafy vegetables associated with a lower risk of cancers. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 9, 386-392.

Ashida, Y., Suzuki, T., Shimizu, G., Yanase, H., Anjiki, T., and Kadota, K. (1995). Sclerosing stromal tumour in a cow. Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. A. 42, 27-34.

Giovannucci, E., Ascherio, A., Rimm, E.B., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., and Willett, W.C. (1995). Intake of carotenoids and retinol in relation to risk of prostate cancer. J Natl. Cancer Inst 87, 1767-1776.

Khachik, F., Beecher, G.R., and Smith, J.C.,Jr. (1995). Lutein, lycopene, and their oxidative metabolites in chemoprevention of cancer. J Cell Biochem. Suppl. 22, 236-246.

Le Marchand, L., Hankin, J.H., Bach, F., Kolonel, L.N., Wilkens, L.R., Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M., Bowen, P.E., Beecher, G.R., Laudon, F., Baque, P., and et al, (1995). An ecological study of diet and lung cancer in the South Pacific. Int J Cancer 63, 18-23.

Leo, M.A., Ahmed, S., Aleynik, S.I., Siegel, J.H., Kasmin, F., and Lieber, C.S. (1995). Carotenoids and tocopherols in various hepatobiliary conditions. J Hepatol. 23, 550-556.

Spaziani, E., Neri, T., Guarino, E., Tretola, V., Pizzuto, G., Rossini, B., Picconi, T., Marsico, R., Di Gennaro, G., and Domini, P. (1995). [Diet and precancerous gastric lesions: preliminary results of a sampling study of homogeneous population]. Minerva. Gastroenterol. Dietol. 41, 265-268.

Potischman, N., Hoover, R.N., Brinton, L.A., Swanson, C.A., Herrero, R., Tenorio, F., de Britton, R.C., Gaitan, E., and Reeves, W.C. (1994). The relations between cervical cancer and serological markers of nutritional status. Nutr. Cancer 21, 193-201.

Wahlqvist, M.L., Wattanapenpaiboon, N., Macrae, F.A., Lambert, J.R., MacLennan, R., and Hsu-Hage, B.H. (1994). Changes in serum carotenoids in subjects with colorectal adenomas after 24 mo of beta-carotene supplementation. Australian Polyp Prevention Project Investigators. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 60, 936-943.

Lycopene Supplementation
in Cancer and AIDS:

Bakker Schut, T.C., Puppels, G.J., Kraan, Y.M., Greve, J., van der Maas, L.L., and Figdor, C.G. (1997). Intracellular carotenoid levels measured by Raman microspectroscopy: comparison of lymphocytes from lung cancer patients and healthy individuals. Int J Cancer 74, 20-25.

Giles, G. and Ireland, P. (1997). Diet, nutrition and prostate cancer. Int J Cancer Suppl 10, 13-17.

Hoffmann, I. and Weisburger, J.H. (1997). International symposium on the role of lycopene and tomato products in disease prevention. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 6, 643-645.

Ito, Y., Suzuki, S., Yagyu, K., Sasaki, R., Suzuki, K., and Aoki, K. (1997). Relationship between serum carotenoid levels and cancer death rates in the residents, living in a rural area of Hokkaido, Japan. J Epidemiol. 7, 1-8.

Jarvinen, R., Knekt, P., Seppanen, R., and Teppo, L. (1997). Diet and breast cancer risk in a cohort of Finnish women. Cancer Lett. 114, 251-253.

Jordan, P., Brubacher, D., Tsugane, S., Tsubono, Y., Gey, K.F., and Moser, U. (1997). Modelling of mortality data from a multi-centre study in Japan by means of Poisson regression with error in variables. Int J Epidemiol. 26, 501-507.

Key, T.J., Silcocks, P.B., Davey, G.K., Appleby, P.N., and Bishop, D.T. (1997). A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer. Br. J Cancer 76, 678-687.

Nomura, A.M., Stemmermann, G.N., Lee, J., and Craft, N.E. (1997). Serum micronutrients and prostate cancer in Japanese Americans in Hawaii. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 6, 487-491.

Nomura, A.M., Ziegler, R.G., Stemmermann, G.N., Chyou, P.H., and Craft, N.E. (1997). Serum micronutrients and upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 6, 407-412.

Okajima, E., Ozono, S., Endo, T., Majima, T., Tsutsumi, M., Fukuda, T., Akai, H., Denda, A., Hirao, Y., Nishino, H., Nir, Z., and Konishi, Y. (1997). Chemopreventive efficacy of piroxicam administered alone or in combination with lycopene and beta-carotene on the development of rat urinary bladder carcinoma after N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine treatment. Jpn. J Cancer Res 88, 543-552.

Rock, C.L., Flatt, S.W., Wright, F.A., Faerber, S., Newman, V., Kealey, S., and Pierce, J.P. (1997). Responsiveness of carotenoids to a high vegetable diet intervention designed to prevent breast cancer recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 6, 617-623.

Sharoni, Y., Giron, E., Rise, M., and Levy, J. (1997). Effects of lycopene-enriched tomato oleoresin on 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors. Cancer Detect. Prev. 21, 118-123.

Spitz, M.R., McPherson, R.S., Jiang, H., Hsu, T.C., Trizna, Z., Lee, J.J., Lippman, S.M., Khuri, F.R., Steffen-Batey, L., Chamberlain, R.M., Schantz, S.P., and Hong, W.K. (1997). Correlates of mutagen sensitivity in patients with upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 6, 687-692.

Zhang, S., Tang, G., Russell, R.M., Mayzel, K.A., Stampfer, M.J., Willett, W.C., and Hunter, D.J. (1997). Measurement of retinoids and carotenoids in breast adipose tissue and a comparison of concentrations in breast cancer cases and control subjects. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 66, 626-632.

Buiatti, E., Munoz, N., Kato, I., Vivas, J., Muggli, R., Plummer, M., Benz, M., Franceschi, S., and Oliver, W. (1996). Determinants of plasma anti-oxidant vitamin levels in a population at high risk for stomach cancer. Int J Cancer 65, 317-322.

Caperle, M., Maiani, G., Azzini, E., Conti, E.M., Raguzzini, A., Ramazzotti, V., and Crespi, M. (1996). Dietary profiles and anti-oxidants in a rural population of central Italy with a low frequency of cancer. Eur. J Cancer Prev. 5, 197-206.

Clinton, S.K., Emenhiser, C., Schwartz, S.J., Bostwick, D.G., Williams, A.W., Moore, B.J., and Erdman, J.W.,Jr. (1996). cis-trans lycopene isomers, carotenoids, and retinol in the human prostate. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 5, 823-833.

Enger, S.M., Longnecker, M.P., Chen, M.J., Harper, J.M., Lee, E.R., Frankl, H.D., and Haile, R.W. (1996). Dietary intake of specific carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E, and prevalence of colorectal adenomas. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 5, 147-153.

Freudenheim, J.L., Marshall, J.R., Vena, J.E., Laughlin, R., Brasure, J.R., Swanson, M.K., Nemoto, T., and Graham, S. (1996). Premenopausal breast cancer risk and intake of vegetables, fruits, and related nutrients. J Natl. Cancer Inst 88, 340-348.

Giovannucci, E. (1996). How is individual risk for prostate cancer assessed? Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 10, 537-548.

Hall, A.K. (1996). Liarozole amplifies retinoid-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Anticancer. Drugs 7, 312-320.

Helzlsouer, K.J., Alberg, A.J., Norkus, E.P., Morris, J.S., Hoffman, S.C., and Comstock, G.W. (1996). Prospective study of serum micronutrients and ovarian cancer [see comments]. J Natl. Cancer Inst 88, 32-37.

Kobayashi, T., Iijima, K., Mitamura, T., Toriizuka, K., Cyong, J.C., and Nagasawa, H. (1996). Effects of lycopene, a carotenoid, on intrathymic T cell differentiation and peripheral CD4/CD8 ratio in a high mammary tumor strain of SHN retired mice. Anticancer. Drugs 7, 195-198.

Narisawa, T., Fukaura, Y., Hasebe, M., Ito, M., Aizawa, R., Murakoshi, M., Uemura, S., Khachik, F., and Nishino, H. (1996). Inhibitory effects of natural carotenoids, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene and lutein, on colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in rats. Cancer Lett. 107, 137-142.

Olmedilla, B., Granado, F., Blanco, I., and Rojas-Hidalgo, E. (1996). Evaluation of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and carotenoids in serum of men with cancer of the larynx before and after commercial enteral formula feeding. JPEN. J Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. 20, 145-149.

Steinmetz, K.A. and Potter, J.D. (1996). Vegetables, fruit, and cancer prevention: a review. J Am. Diet. Assoc. 96, 1027-1039.

Yang, Y., Huang, C.Y., Peng, S.S., and Li, J. (1996). Carotenoid analysis of several dark-green leafy vegetables associated with a lower risk of cancers. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 9, 386-392.

Breslow, R.A., Alberg, A.J., Helzlsouer, K.J., Bush, T.L., Norkus, E.P., Morris, J.S., Spate, V.E., and Comstock, G.W. (1995). Serological precursors of cancer: malignant melanoma, basal and squamous cell skin cancer, and prediagnostic levels of retinol, beta- carotene, lycopene, alpha-tocopherol, and selenium. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 4, 837-842.

Giovannucci, E., Ascherio, A., Rimm, E.B., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., and Willett, W.C. (1995). Intake of carotenoids and retinol in relation to risk of prostate cancer. J Natl. Cancer Inst 87, 1767-1776.

Khachik, F., Beecher, G.R., and Smith, J.C.,Jr. (1995). Lutein, lycopene, and their oxidative metabolites in chemoprevention of cancer. J Cell Biochem. Suppl. 22, 236-246.

Leo, M.A., Ahmed, S., Aleynik, S.I., Siegel, J.H., Kasmin, F., and Lieber, C.S. (1995). Carotenoids and tocopherols in various hepatobiliary conditions. J Hepatol. 23, 550-556.

Nagasawa, H., Mitamura, T., Sakamoto, S., and Yamamoto, K. (1995). Effects of lycopene on spontaneous mammary tumour development in SHN virgin mice. Anticancer. Res 15, 1173-1178.

Periquet, B.A., Jammes, N.M., Lambert, W.E., Tricoire, J., Moussa, M.M., Garcia, J., Ghisolfi, J., and Thouvenot, J. (1995). Micronutrient levels in HIV-1-infected children. AIDS 9, 887-893.

Spaziani, E., Neri, T., Guarino, E., Tretola, V., Pizzuto, G., Rossini, B., Picconi, T., Marsico, R., Di Gennaro, G., and Domini, P. (1995). [Diet and precancerous gastric lesions: preliminary results of a sampling study of homogeneous population]. Minerva. Gastroenterol. Dietol. 41, 265-268.

Wang, W. and Higuchi, C.M. (1995). Induction of NAD(P)H:quinone reductase by vitamins A, E and C in Colo205 colon cancer cells [published erratum appears in Cancer Lett 1996 Mar 29;101(2):265]. Cancer Lett. 98, 63-69.

Clemens, M.R. (1994). [Vitamins and therapy of malignancies]. Ther. Umsch. 51, 483-488.

Franceschi, S., Bidoli, E., La Vecchia, C., Talamini, R., D'Avanzo, B., and Negri, E. (1994). Tomatoes and risk of digestive-tract cancers. Int J Cancer 59, 181-184.

Le Marchand, L., Hankin, J.H., Carter, F.S., Essling, C., Luffey, D., Franke, A.A., Wilkens, L.R., Cooney, R.V., and Kolonel, L.N. (1994). A pilot study on the use of plasma carotenoids and ascorbic acid as markers of compliance to a high fruit and vegetable dietary intervention. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 3, 245-251.

Peng, Y.S., Peng, Y.M., McGee, D.L., and Alberts, D.S. (1994). Carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinoids in human buccal mucosal cells: intra- and interindividual variability and storage stability. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 59, 636-643.

Potischman, N., Hoover, R.N., Brinton, L.A., Swanson, C.A., Herrero, R., Tenorio, F., de Britton, R.C., Gaitan, E., and Reeves, W.C. (1994). The relations between cervical cancer and serological markers of nutritional status. Nutr. Cancer 21, 193-201.

Wahlqvist, M.L., Wattanapenpaiboon, N., Macrae, F.A., Lambert, J.R., MacLennan, R., and Hsu-Hage, B.H. (1994). Changes in serum carotenoids in subjects with colorectal adenomas after 24 mo of beta-carotene supplementation. Australian Polyp Prevention Project Investigators. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 60, 936-943.

Medium Chain Triglycerides
in Cancer, AIDS and Cachexia:

Craig, G.B., Darnell, B.E., Weinsier, R.L., Saag, M.S., Epps, L., Mullins, L., Lapidus, W.I., Ennis, D.M., Akrabawi, S.S., Cornwell, P.E., and Sauberlich, H.E. (1997). Decreased fat and nitrogen losses in patients with AIDS receiving medium-chain-triglyceride-enriched formula vs those receiving long-chain-triglyceride-containing formula. J Am. Diet. Assoc. 97, 605-611.

Ohkawa, A., Sato, N., and Hatakeyama, K. (1997). Effect of medium-chain triglyceride emulsion in total parenteral nutrition on experimental hepatic metastasis in the rat. JPEN. J Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. 21, 220-223.

Shima, M., Yohdoh, K., Yamaguchi, M., Kimura, Y., Adachi, S., and Matsuno, R. (1997). Effects of medium-chain fatty acids and their acylglycerols on the transport of penicillin V across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 61, 1150-1155.

de Gier, H.H., Balm, A.J., Bruning, P.F., Gregor, R.T., and Hilgers, F.J. (1996). Systematic approach to the treatment of chylous leakage after neck dissection. Head. Neck. 18, 347-351.

Kenler, A.S., Swails, W.S., Driscoll, D.F., DeMichele, S.J., Daley, B., Babineau, T.J., Peterson, M.B., and Bistrian, B.R. (1996). Early enteral feeding in postsurgical cancer patients. Fish oil structured lipid-based polymeric formula versus a standard polymeric formula. Ann. Surg. 223, 316-333.

Ziegler, T.R. (1996). Perioperative nutritional support in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. JPEN. J Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. 20, 91-92.

Knauf, V.C. and Facciotti, D. (1995). Genetic engineering of foods to reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 369, 221-228.

Mladinic-Vulic, D., Krzelj, V., Balarin, L., Saraga, M., Budimir, D., Vukic, Z., and Gabric, K. (1995). Postoperative chylous ascites. Acta Paediatr. 84, 949-951.

Nebeling, L.C., Miraldi, F., Shurin, S.B., and Lerner, E. (1995). Effects of a ketogenic diet on tumor metabolism and nutritional status in pediatric oncology patients: two case reports. J Am. Coll. Nutr. 14, 202-208.

Nebeling, L.C. and Lerner, E. (1995). Implementing a ketogenic diet based on medium-chain triglyceride oil in pediatric patients with cancer. J Am. Diet. Assoc. 95, 693-697.

Chui, D.W. and Owen, R.L. (1994). AIDS and the gut. J Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9, 291-303.

Fan, S.T., Lo, C.M., Lai, E.C., Chu, K.M., Liu, C.L., and Wong, J. (1994). Perioperative nutritional support in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. N. Engl. J Med 331, 1547-1552.

Geisler, J.P., Foster, R.S., and Sutton, G.P. (1994). Chyloperitoneum following treatment for advanced gynecologic malignancies. Obstet. Gynecol. 83, 883-885.

Gogos, C.A., Zoumbos, N., Makri, M., and Kalfarentzos, F. (1994). Medium- and long-chain triglycerides have different effects on the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor by human mononuclear cells in patients under total parenteral nutrition. J Am. Coll. Nutr. 13, 40-44.

Terzi, A., Furlan, G., Magnanelli, G., Terrini, A., and Ivic, N. (1994). Chylothorax after pleuro-pulmonary surgery: a rare but unavoidable complication. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 42, 81-84.

Wolters, U., Keller, H.W., Becker, R., Stickeler, P., Dahlmeyer, M., and Muller, J.M. (1994). Influence of various fatty acids on tumour growth in total parenteral nutrition. Eur. Surg. Res 26, 288-297.

Yanai, S., Okada, H., Misaki, M., Saito, K., Kuge, Y., Ogawa, Y., and Toguchi, H. (1994). Antitumor activity of a medium-chain triglyceride solution of the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (AGM-1470) when administered via the hepatic artery to rats bearing Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in the liver. J Pharmacol. Exp Ther. 271, 1267-1273.

Taurine Supplementation
in Cancer and AIDS Wasting:

Hack, V., Schmid, D., Breitkreutz, R., Stahl-Henning, C., Drings, P., Kinscherf, R., Taut, F., Holm, E., and Droge, W. (1997). Cystine levels, cystine flux, and protein catabolism in cancer cachexia, HIV/SIV infection, and senescence. FASEB J 11, 84-92.

Lubec, B., Hoeger, H., Kremser, K., Amann, G., Koller, D.Y., and Gialamas, J. (1996). Decreased tumor incidence and increased survival by one year oral low dose arginine supplementation in the mouse. Life. Sci. 58, 2317-2325.

Okamoto, K., Sugie, S., Ohnishi, M., Makita, H., Kawamori, T., Watanabe, T., Tanaka, T., and Mori, H. (1996). Chemopreventive effects of taurine on diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male F344 rats. Jpn. J Cancer Res 87, 30-36.

Gray, G.E., Landel, A.M., and Meguid, M.M. (1994). Taurine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition and taurine status of malnourished cancer patients. Nutrition. 10, 11-15.

Grimble, R.F. (1994). Nutritional antioxidants and the modulation of inflammation: theory and practice. New Horiz. 2, 175-185.

Hortin, G.L., Landt, M., and Powderly, W.G. (1994). Changes in plasma amino acid concentrations in response to HIV-1 infection. Clin. Chem. 40, 785-789.

Whey Protein Supplementation
in Cancer and AIDS Wasting:

Brosgart, C., Romeyn, M., Lucas, D., Morris, A., McFarland, R., Hannigan, J., Orcutt, N., Routh, J., and Anderson, B. (1997). Effect of whey-based bovine immunoglobulin (B-IG) in patients with HIV-wasting (HIVW). 4th. Conf. Retro. and Opportun. Infect. 192 (abstract).

Kennedy, R.S., Konok, G.P., Bounous, G., Baruchel, S., and Lee, T.D. (1995). The use of a whey protein concentrate in the treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoma: a phase I-II clinical study. Anticancer. Res 15, 2643-2649.

Baruchel, S., Olivier, R., and Wainberg, M. (1994). Anti-HIV and anti-apoptotic activity of the whey protein concentrate: IMMUNOCAL. Int Conf. AIDS 10, 32.

Bounous, G., Baruchel, S., Falutz, J., and Gold, P. (1993). Whey proteins as a food supplement in HIV-seropositive individuals. Clin. Invest. Med 16, 204-209.

Bounous, G., Batist, G., and Gold, P. (1991). Whey proteins in cancer prevention. Cancer Lett. 57, 91-94.

McKnight, R.A., Burdon, T., Pursel, V.G., Shamay, A., Wall, R.J., and Hennighausen, L. (1992). The whey acidic protein. Cancer Treat. Res 61, 399-412.

Glauser, M., Jung, J., Voss, T., and Rowe, B. (1991). Fat tolerance in HIV-infected subjects ingesting a semi-elemental diet containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and whey peptides. Int Conf. AIDS 7, 224.

Sloane, N.H. and Stevens, S.E.,Jr. (1991). ANTITUMOR PROTEINS IN MILK AND MILK WHEY RELATED TO THE HUMAN ANTINEOPLASTIC URINARY PROTEIN (ANUP) (MEETING ABSTRACT). FASEB J 5, A546.

Voss, T., Rowe, B., Graf, L., Keyes, C., and Beal, J. (1991). Management of HIV-related weight loss and diarrhea with an enteral formula containing whey peptides and medium-chain triglycerides. Int Conf. AIDS 7, 223.

Bounous, G., Papenburg, R., Kongshavn, P.A., Gold, P., and Fleiszer, D. (1988). Dietary whey protein inhibits the development of dimethylhydrazine induced malignancy. Clin. Invest. Med 11, 213-217.